Type One Energy Submits Initial Licensing Application for Tennessee’s First Commercial Fusion Project at Bull Run Site
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (January 29, 2026) — State regulators, Type One Energy, and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) announced today the initial submission of a “byproduct material license” application in preparation for Tennessee’s first commercial fusion project. Type One Energy and TVA worked closely with the Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation (TDEC) to prepare this first-of-a-kind application, demonstrating compliance with key licensing requirements for fusion energy technology as part of a comprehensive application process. This collaborative effort between Type One Energy, TVA, and TDEC is an example of best practices for public-private partnerships working to deploy fusion energy projects nationwide.
“The announcement today supercharges Tennessee’s reputation as the global hub for nuclear innovation,” said TDEC Commissioner David Salyers. “This application lays the groundwork for subsequent submissions and is a byproduct of the collaboration between fusion energy companies like Type One Energy and TDEC in establishing a first-of-its-kind state regulatory framework for fusion energy in Tennessee.”
Project Infinity – which encompasses the Infinity One prototype and workforce training center together with the 350 MWe Infinity Two fusion power plant – will proceed in several phases at TVA’s Bull Run Energy Complex in Clinton, Tennessee. The first phase, deployment of Infinity One operated by Type One Energy, is scheduled for commissioning and startup in 2029. TVA recently issued Type One Energy a Letter of Intent (LOI) to develop and build the Infinity Two commercial fusion power plant with construction starting as early as 2028, pending final completion of development activities and receipt of all necessary approvals.
“Today is an important milestone for Type One Energy, TVA and the State of Tennessee,” said Christofer Mowry, CEO of Type One Energy. “We’ve been working closely together since February 2024, sharing relevant design information and knowledge that is essential to establish the appropriate licensing conditions for a fusion power plant. This collaboration makes Tennessee an international model of ‘safety by design’ and transparency for licensing fusion machines.”
“TVA is proud to play a leading role in supporting the advancement of fusion energy – a technology that represents the next frontier in low-cost, reliable power,” said Don Moul, TVA President and CEO. “Our collaboration with Type One Energy and the State of Tennessee highlights how innovation and partnership can strengthen America’s energy security and advance the nation’s commitment to energy leadership. Through initiatives like Project Infinity, TVA is helping ensure that the Tennessee Valley remains at the forefront of delivering prosperity for American families.”
Fusion has long been considered the ultimate sustainable energy source with zero carbon emissions, abundant fuel derived from seawater, and no high-level radioactive waste. Due to its low-risk safety profile, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) unanimously agreed in 2023 to license fusion machines under the byproduct materials regulatory framework. This regulatory framework, implemented by the Agreement States, is the same regulatory scheme used to license particle accelerators and nuclear medicine facilities.
Today’s byproduct material license application is a ‘safety by design’ protocol for fusion facility licensing with significant performance margins to ensure safety is optimized throughout the design process. In this context, the Infinity Two fusion power plant is designed for regulatory approval and deployment around the globe.
About TVA
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is the nation’s largest public power supplier, delivering energy to more than 10 million people across seven southeastern states. TVA has one of the most diverse energy systems – including nuclear, hydro, coal, gas, solar and advanced technologies. TVA is making significant investments in its power system toward new generation and transmission. TVA is a corporate agency of the United States, receiving no taxpayer funding, deriving virtually all revenues from the sales of electricity.
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
TVA and Type One Energy Accelerate Fusion Commercialization in Tennessee
TVA and Type One Energy advanced their collaboration in support of a 350-megawatt fusion power plant at TVA’s former Bull Run Fossil Plant near Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
The agreement continues TVA’s national leadership in advanced nuclear innovation to support the growing energy demands of AI, quantum computing, and advanced manufacturing with reliable, carbon-free power.
This partnership is another example of how Governor Lee is helping to build a nuclear ecosystem in Tennessee that provides good jobs and opportunities for the people of the Tennessee Valley region
OAK RIDGE, Tenn. (September 19, 2025) – The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Type One Energy announced Friday that TVA has issued a Letter of Intent (LOI) to Type One Energy regarding the utility’s interest in the potential deployment of Type One Energy’s fusion power plant technology at its former Bull Run Fossil site once it is commercially ready.
Infinity Two is a first-generation 350 MWe baseload power plant utilizing Type One Energy’s stellarator fusion technology. The stellarator is currently the only fusion technology to have demonstrated stable, steady-state operation with high efficiency, characteristics which are important for TVA and others in the industry who need to reliably generate on-demand power at competitive prices. Type One Energy is developing Infinity Two using today’s existing materials and fundamental fusion technologies to support near-term deployment of the technology. The LOI also covers potential future use of the prototype facilities as an operator and maintenance training facility for the Infinity Two workforce.
A rendering of the future Infinity Two Fusion Pilot Plant at TVA’s Bull Run in East Tennessee.
“TVA is a leader in pursuing advanced nuclear technologies we need to power America’s economic prosperity and fuel artificial intelligence, quantum computing and advanced manufacturing,” said Don Moul, TVA President and CEO. “We are strategically partnering with innovative companies like Type One Energy to advance the development of nuclear technologies, and I am excited about the possibility of the first U.S. commercial stellarator fusion power plant being built in the Tennessee Valley. Our region is building a nuclear ecosystem that provides good jobs and opportunities for the people of the Valley.”
TVA is at the forefront of advanced nuclear innovation, and this collaboration reinforces the agency’s commitment to quickly deliver reliable energy to support the nation’s growing power demand.
“We are really honored to be working with TVA on the world’s first private sector fusion power plant project,” said Christofer Mowry, Type One Energy’s CEO. “TVA is a best-in-class energy utility that knows how to build, operate, and maintain complex power generation technologies. This LOI with TVA, and the role it establishes for Type One Energy as the fusion technology provider for their Infinity Two project, is therefore fully aligned with our goal of pursuing the lowest-risk approach to commercializing fusion energy.”
”Tennessee is ready-made to lead America’s energy independence, and today’s announcement further strengthens our position as a leader in safe, clean, and reliable energy,” said Tennessee Governor Bill Lee. “We are proud that the first U.S. commercial stellarator fusion project could be developed in Oak Ridge, creating high-quality jobs and driving continued economic growth and opportunity for Tennesseans.”
Final decisions and definitive agreements regarding the funding and construction of Infinity Two, as well as any agreements to purchase the energy output, are subject to TVA Board approval, regulatory review, and alignment with TVA’s least-cost planning processes and American energy dominance strategy.
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About TVA
The Tennessee Valley Authority is the nation’s largest public power supplier, delivering energy to more than 10 million people across seven southeastern states. TVA has one of the most diverse energy systems – including nuclear, hydro, coal, gas, solar and advanced technologies. TVA is making significant investments in its power system toward new generation and transmission. TVA is a corporate agency of the United States, receiving no taxpayer funding, deriving virtually all of its revenues from sales of electricity. TVA maintains some of the lowest energy costs and highest reliability in the nation. TVA’s residential rates are lower than those paid by about 80% of customers of the top 100 U.S. utilities, and its industrial rates are lower than those paid by over 90% of customers of the top 100 U.S. utilities. In addition, TVA provides flood control, navigation, and land management for the Tennessee River system, and assists local power companies and state and local governments with economic development and job creation. Learn more at TVA.com.
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
TVA and Type One Energy Sign First Contracts for Fusion Power Plant Project
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (July 22, 2025) — The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Type One Energy announced today that they had signed the first set of commercial contracts related to Project Infinity, which is developing fusion power plant technology to supply the Tennessee Valley with secure, reliable, and clean energy by as early as the mid-2030s. TVA, through its Power Service Shops (PSS) facility in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and with support from other locations, will assist in the development of tailored welding and fabrication techniques for Project Infinity. These manufacturing and construction methods will be used for the Type One Energy Infinity One stellarator fusion machine currently being deployed at TVA’s Bull Run Fossil Plant near Knoxville, TN. They are also intended for the potential subsequent TVA fusion power plant project, which utilizes Type One Energy’s Infinity Two stellarator technology.
With these contracts, Project Infinity will include participation by one of the region’s leading industrial technology centers. The TVA PSS draws on almost a century of expertise in power generation component overhaul and repair techniques to aid in developing practical welding processes and fabrication methods for the world’s first commercial fusion power plant project. They exercise the economic engagement of the Tennessee Valley and its workforce in creating the future of energy.
Developing a commercially viable fusion power plant requires not only the uniquely stable, steady-state, and efficient operating characteristics of stellarator technology, but also the broad manufacturing, construction, and operating experience of the power generation industry.
“I have seen TVA’s capabilities from my previous work with them in the nuclear and hydro power sectors,” said Mark Ruis, Type One Energy’s Vice President for Stellarator Maintenance and Inspection Solutions. “Their PSS facilities, and highly skilled workforce which repairs and refurbishes some of the most challenging components in the power industry, will significantly derisk our ability to deliver Infinity One and Infinity Two.”
The ability for Project Infinity to deliver near-term economic benefit for the Tennessee Valley is being demonstrated by the work which will begin immediately as a result of these contracts with Type One Energy.
“TVA Power Service Shops have a long, storied history and we look forward to being part of this initiative,” said Doug Keeling, TVA’s Vice President for the PSS.
The advanced manufacturing contracts with PSS are one aspect of the quick pace of activities surrounding deployment of Infinity One at TVA’s retired Bull Run Fossil Plant in Clinton, TN. Engineering and construction work to prepare the facility for assembly of Infinity One is underway by a team of TVA and Type One Energy employees.
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
Type One Energy Completes Formal Initial Design Review of Fusion Power Plant
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (May 27, 2025) — Type One Energy announced today that it had successfully completed the first formal design review of Infinity Two, which is based on the world’s only implementable, peer-reviewed physics basis for a fusion power plant recently published by the prestigious Journal of Plasma Physics. The Infinity Two design is progressing in support of a potential fusion power plant project with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), using Type One Energy stellarator technology.
The Infinity Two design review board, which was chaired by Type One Energy Chief Technology Officer, Dr. Thomas Sunn Pedersen, included several outside experts, including Dr. George H. “Hutch” Neilson from the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dr. Paolo Ferroni from the Westinghouse Electric Company, to provide independent assessments of the engineering work performed by Type One Energy.
“It is the first serious fusion power plant design that I’ve seen,” said Dr. Neilson. “The work they’ve done to date provides a sound foundation for continued design development of what could be the first system to produce net electricity from fusion.”
Dr. Ferroni, the Chief Engineer for Advanced Reactors – GenIV/Fusion at Westinghouse Electric Company, added “I think it is important that the Type One Energy team is taking a comprehensive plant-level approach to develop their technology which includes a description of all necessary systems, not just the plasma core.”
Successful completion of the initial design review confirms that the Infinity Two technology approach, architecture, performance, and reliability requirements remain aligned with the expectations of TVA and the broader global energy market for a commercially viable First of a Kind (FOAK) fusion power plant.
The Type One Energy Infinity Two fusion power plant is being designed to put a nominal 350MWe on the electricity grid. This design is based on the company’s groundbreaking stellarator fusion physics basis, which for the first time realistically considered, in a comprehensive and unified manner, the complex relationship between competing requirements for plasma performance, power plant startup, construction logistics, reliability, and economics utilizing actual power plant operating experience. The Journal of Plasma Physics considers this approach to be “… setting the gold standard for how this is done.”
The Infinity Two architecture is grounded in stellarator fusion technology. This technology has, uniquely within the fusion industry, demonstrated stable, continuous steady-state operation at large scale by the W7-X machine. By properly architecting Infinity Two, Type One Energy is creating a proprietary fusion power plant design that supports a compelling 2-year power plant operating cycle separated by 30-day planned maintenance outages using today’s existing materials and enabling technologies. The company also made use of its partner-rich commercialization program to access the power generation industry’s deep expertise in power plant engineering design. Among other firms, Atkins-Realis assisted in developing the design of those Infinity Two systems and structures not part of Type One Energy’s core focus on the stellarator fusion technology.
“Our ability to efficiently architect the initial Infinity Two design in an efficient, partner rich manner reaffirms our commitment to pursuing the lowest risk, shortest schedule, path to a commercially viable fusion power plant,” said Christofer Mowry, Chief Executive Officer for Type One Energy. “The energy industry needs more reliable, clean, power generation technology that can meet the rapidly increasing demand for electricity and we are delivering a commercially compelling solution.”
The progress Type One Energy is making on its Infinity Two fusion power plant design, together with its collaboration with TVA, has attracted the attention of the global energy industry. Several prominent energy utilities and industrial companies have expressed an interest in Infinity Two and participation in Type One Energy’s deployment of its first-generation fusion power plant technology.
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
Type One Energy Begins Testing Advanced Fusion Magnet for Stellarators
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (Apr. 7, 2025) — Type One Energy announced today that early results from its testing campaign confirm the essential design elements of the company’s groundbreaking high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet for use in stellarators. Powerful, modular, HTS magnets for use in modern stellarator machines are an essential feature of the characteristics which make this technology today’s lowest-risk, shortest-path approach to commercially viable fusion energy.
The company successfully conducted an accelerated 18-month development program for the world’s most advanced modular HTS stellarator magnets. This program was based on the company’s access to the proven Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) VIPER technology for HTS cables in stellarator fusion magnets, for which it indirectly received exclusive rights via a sub-license from Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), as previously announced on February 11th, 2025. With strong technical leadership from Type One Energy co-founder and Engineering Fellow, David Anderson, the company built on the foundation of MIT’s technology to design and construct a proprietary, full fidelity technology prototype of its HTS magnet. This prototype includes, among other characteristics, the limiting magnet geometry of its Infinity Two power plant. The prototype’s technology has become part of the baseline design for the potential Infinity Two fusion power plant project being developed for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
By taking advantage of a decade’s worth of basic R&D performed by MIT, together with access to certain additional VIPER technology utilization capabilities, Type One Energy has been able to significantly derisk and compress the development timeline for its own advanced HTS magnets. This programmatic approach to technology development is part of the company’s strategy to take the most capital efficient, lowest-risk, shortest-schedule to fusion commercialization. Because this program was almost entirely conducted by an in-house HTS magnet technology team, it also ensures that Type One Energy retains primary ownership of all the new HTS magnet technology it develops.
“Our industry-first agreement with an end-customer for power generation technology, TVA, is market validation that Type One Energy’s strategy for fusion commercialization resonates”, said Christofer Mowry, CEO of Type One Energy. “The combination of our corporate strategy, fusion technology platform, organizational capabilities, and partnerships is what the global energy industry finds compelling about Type One Energy.”
The tests which Type One Energy announced today validate the performance of its own derivative VIPER technology when used in the complex geometric shapes of a modular stellarator magnet. These tests were performed at a temperature of 77K, well below the threshold for transition to HTS superconductivity. Under the leadership of Jenelle Canny, who manages the Type One Energy HTS Magnet Development Program, the company performed these tests in its Woburn, MA laboratory. They mark the beginning of an extensive magnet performance evaluation campaign, which will move to the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) later this spring. The testing campaign will include performance evaluations at lower temperatures and ultimately push the prototype magnet to its limits over the summer.
“In my prior leadership role at W7-X, the world’s leading operational stellarator, we proved the science underpinning modern optimized stellarators, and I realized that when combined with powerful HTS magnets, they open a direct path to fusion commercialization,” said Thomas Sunn Pedersen, Chief Technology Officer at Type One Energy. “That realization, combined with the strong relationship Type One Energy has with MIT, brought me to this company and us to this milestone.”
“I am excited to see the innovative HTS technology we developed at MIT for tokamaks now being adapted to develop an advanced high-field magnet for use in stellarators,” said Dennis Whyte, Hitachi America Professor of Engineering at MIT. “Stellarators are a very promising technology approach for fusion commercialization given their inherent stability and steady-state operating characteristics, but they need HTS magnets to make them practical and economic. It is very encouraging that in a relatively short period of time, Type One Energy has built their first HTS magnet.”
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
Type One Energy Issues First Realistic, Unified Fusion Power Plant Design Basis
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (Mar. 27, 2025) — Type One Energy announced today publication of the world’s first comprehensive, self-consistent, and robust physics basis, with conservative design margins, for a practical fusion pilot power plant. This physics basis is presented in a series of seven peer-reviewed scientific papers in a special issue of the prestigious Journal of Plasma Physics (JPP). They serve as the foundation for the company’s first Infinity Two stellarator fusion power plant project, which Type One Energy is developing for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) utility in the U.S.
The Infinity Two fusion pilot power plant physics design basis realistically considers, for the first time, the complex relationship between competing requirements for plasma performance, power plant startup, construction logistics, reliability, and economics utilizing actual power plant operating experience. This Infinity Two baseline physics solution makes use of the inherently favorable operating characteristics of highly optimized stellarator fusion technology using modular superconducting magnets, as was so successfully proven on the W7-X science machine in Germany.
“Why are we the first private fusion company with an agreement to develop a potential fusion power plant project for an energy utility? Because we have a design anchored in reality,” said Christofer Mowry, CEO of Type One Energy. “The physics basis for Infinity Two is grounded in the knowledge of what is required for application to, and performance in, the demanding environment of reliable electrical generation for the power grid. We have an organization that understands this isn’t about designing a science project.”
Led by Chris Hegna, widely recognized as a leading theorist in modern stellarators, Type One Energy performed high-fidelity computational plasma physics analyses to substantially reduce the risk of meeting Infinity Two power plant functional and performance requirements. This unique and transformational achievement is the result of a global development program led by the Type One Energy plasma physics and stellarator engineering organization, with significant contributions from a broad coalition of scientists from national laboratories and universities around the world. The company made use of a spectrum of high-performance computing facilities, including access to the highest-performance U.S. Department of Energy supercomputers such as the exascale Frontier machine at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), to perform its stellarator physics simulations.
“We committed to this ambitious fusion commercialization milestone two years ago and today we delivered,” said John Canik, Chief Science and Engineering Officer for Type One Energy. “The team was able to efficiently develop deep plasma physics insights to inform the design of our Infinity Two stellarator, by taking advantage of our access to high performance computing resources. This enabled the Type One Energy team to demonstrate a realistic, integrated stellarator design that moves far beyond conventional thinking and concepts derived from more limited modeling capabilities.”
The consistent and robust physics solution for Infinity Two results in a deuterium-tritium (D-T) fueled, burning plasma stellarator with 800 MW of fusion power and delivers a nominal 350 MWe to the power grid. It is characterized by fusion plasma with resilient and stable behavior across a broad range of operating conditions, very low heat loss due to turbulent transport, as well as tolerable direct energy losses to the stellarator first wall. The Infinity Two stellarator has sufficient room for both adequately sized island divertors to exhaust helium ash and a blanket which provides appropriate shielding and tritium breeding. Type One Energy has high confidence that this essential physics solution provides a good baseline stellarator configuration for the Infinity Two fusion pilot power plant.
“The articles in this issue [of JPP] represent an important step towards a fusion reactor based on the stellarator concept. Thanks to decades of experiments and theoretical research, much of the latter published in JPP, it has become possible to lay out the physics basis for a stellarator power plant in considerable detail,” said Per Helander, head of Stellarator Theory Division at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. “JPP is very happy to publish this series of papers from Type One Energy, where this has been accomplished in a way that sets new standards for the fidelity and confidence level in this context.”
Important to successful fusion power plant commercialization, this stellarator configuration has enabled Type One Energy to architect a maintenance solution which supports good power plant Capacity Factors (CF) and associated Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). It also supports favorable regulatory requirements for component manufacturing and power plant construction methods essential to achieving a reasonable Over-Night Cost (ONC) for Infinity Two.
About Type One Energy
Type One Energy Group is mission-driven to provide sustainable, affordable fusion power to the world. Established in 2019 and venture-backed in 2023, the company is led by a team of globally recognized fusion scientists with a strong track record of building state-of-the-art stellarator fusion machines, together with veteran business leaders experienced in scaling companies and commercializing energy technologies. Type One Energy applies proven advanced manufacturing methods, modern computational physics and high-field superconducting magnets to develop its optimized stellarator fusion energy system. Its FusionDirect development program pursues the lowest-risk, shortest-schedule path to a fusion power plant over the coming decade, using a partner-intensive and capital-efficient strategy. Type One Energy is committed to community engagement in the development and deployment of its clean energy technology. For more information, visit www.typeoneenergy.com or follow us on LinkedIn.
